Motion Lab Experiment

1) Introduction: Explain the theory behind this experiment in a paragraph between 150 and 250 words. (2 Points)

Suppose you are using external resources; include the reference. It would be best if you had any relevant formulas and explanations of each term. You may use the rich formula tools embedded here.

2) Hypothesis: In an If /Then statement, highlight the purpose of the experiment.

For instance: If two same shape objects with different masses are dropped from the same height, they will hit the ground simultaneously. (2 points)

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Post-lab section:

3) Attach your analysis here, including any table, chart, or plot image. (3 Points)

Motion Lab Experiment

4) Attach the image of any table, chart, or plot here. (4 points)

Each part is 2 points.

Table 1 and the calculation of the percent error.

Table 2 and the calculation of the percent error.

5) Attach the image of samples of your calculation here. (2 points)

6) In a paragraph between 100 and 150 words, explain what you Learn. What conclusion can you draw from the results of this lab assignment? (2 points)

7) In one sentence, compare the results of the experiment with your Hypothesis. Why? (1 point)

8) Attach your response to the questions in the lab manual here. (4 points)

• 1) Introduction: Explain the theory behind this experiment in a paragraph between 150 and 250 words. (2 Points),
• 2) Hypothesis: In an If /Then statement highlight the purpose of the experiment. ,
• 3) Attach your analysis here including any table chart or plot image. (3 Points),
• 4) Attach the image of any table chart or plot here. (4 points),
• 5) Attach the image of samples of your calculation here. (2 points)

Answers (comprehensive, general)

1) Introduction (≈180 words)

This experiment investigates fundamental relationships of motion by measuring how a physical quantity (for example: acceleration due to gravity, period of a pendulum, or velocity during free fall) depends on controlled initial conditions. Classical kinematics and Newton’s second law form the theoretical basis. Kinematics relates displacement $x$ , initial velocity $v_0$ , acceleration $a$ , and time $t$ with equations such as $v_0 t + \tfrac{1}{2} a t^2$ . If measuring free fall, the acceleration $a$ equals gravitational acceleration $g$ and the relevant formula for vertical displacement from rest is $\tfrac{1}{2} g t^2$ . Newton’s second law, $F = ma$ , explains how net force produces acceleration and justifies controlled-force setups. When comparing measured (experimental) values to accepted (theoretical) values, compute percent error: $∣∣theoretical∣×100%\%\text{error} = \dfrac{|\,\text{experimental} – \text{theoretical}\,|}{|\text{theoretical}|}\times 100\%$ . Each variable should be defined: $x$ (displacement, m), $v_0$ (initial velocity, m/s), $a$ (acceleration, m/s²), $t$ (time, s), $g$ (9.81 m/s², standard). Sources for constants or additional theory (if used) should be cited (e.g., textbook or lab manual), and uncertainties from timing, measurement resolution, and systematic bias are discussed when interpreting results.

2) Hypothesis (If/Then)

If the experiment measures the motion of objects under controlled conditions (same release height and minimized air resistance), then the measured acceleration will be close to the theoretical value (e.g., $m/s2g=9.81\ \text{m/s}^2$ ) within experimental uncertainty, because classical kinematics predicts the time–distance relationship for uniformly accelerated motion.

3) Analysis (tables, charts, plots — general guidance & example)

Provide the raw data table, processed table (means, standard deviations), and at least one plot (e.g., displacement vs. $t^2$ for free fall, or velocity vs. time for constant acceleration). Below is a template and an example you can paste into a spreadsheet.

Table template (Raw Data):

Trial	Height $h$ (m)	Time $t$ (s)	Notes
1
2
3
Mean

Processed table (example for free fall):

Height $h$ (m)	Mean time $tˉ\bar t$ (s)	$t^2$ (s²)	Computed $gexp=2htˉ2g_\text{exp} = \dfrac{2h}{\bar t^2}$ (m/s²)
0.50	0.320	0.1024	9.77
1.00	0.451	0.2034	9.83

How to make useful plots:

For free-fall: plot $h$ (y-axis) vs $t^2$ (x-axis). A linear fit should have slope $\tfrac{1}{2}g$ . Multiply slope by 2 to get $g$ .
For constant acceleration: plot velocity vs time; slope = acceleration.

Include error bars representing timing uncertainty (e.g., ± reaction time or instrument resolution) when possible.

4) Images of tables/charts/plots (explanation & submission notes)

I cannot attach files here, but follow these steps to create and attach images:

Produce the table and plot in Excel/Google Sheets or Python/Matplotlib.
Export the plot as PNG/JPG (File → Export/Download → PNG).
For the report, include:
- Table 1: Raw data and processed values.
- Table 2: Summary (means, uncertainties).
- Plot image: $h$ vs $t^2$ with linear fit and equation shown.
Label each image as “Table 1”, “Table 2”, “Figure 1” in your submission.

5) Sample calculations (step-by-step example)

Provide a few worked-out samples; here are two typical calculations and the percent-error computation shown step-by-step.

Example: compute experimental $g$ from one measurement

Given: $0.50\ \text{m}$ , mean measured time $s\bar t = 0.320\ \text{s}$ .
Formula: $gexp=2htˉ2g_\text{exp} = \dfrac{2h}{\bar t^2}$ .
Compute $tˉ2\bar t^2$ : $0.320 \times 0.320 = 0.1024$ (s²).
Compute numerator: $\times 0.50 = 1.00$ (m).
Divide: $gexp=1.000.1024g_\text{exp} = \dfrac{1.00}{0.1024}$ .
- Long division: $1.00 \div 0.1024 \approx 9.765625$ (m/s²).
Round appropriately: $m/s2g_\text{exp} \approx 9.77\ \text{m/s}^2$ .

Percent error calculation (step-by-step)

Theoretical $m/s2g_\text{theo} = 9.81\ \text{m/s}^2$ .
Experimental $m/s2g_\text{exp} = 9.77\ \text{m/s}^2$ .
Absolute difference: $∣9.77 - 9.81∣ = 0.04$ .
Divide by theoretical: $0.04 \div 9.81$ .